Al-Kahf 1–15
The Qur'an is revealed straight to give good news of Paradise to those who do righteous deeds and warning to those who attribute children to Allah, then opens the story of young believers who fled from a tyrannical ruler into a cave.
Verses 1-4 of surah Al-Kahfi explain that it is Allah who sent down the Qur'an straight so that with it Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) can give good news (Paradise) to the believers who do righteous deeds and warning (Hell) to those who claim Allah has a child. Therefore, it is forbidden to invoke or pray for the well-being of people who associate partners with Allah.
Verses 5-8 continue verse 4 before it. The claim of the idolaters and the People of the Scripture that Allah has a child is not based on knowledge, only following inherited tradition from ancestors. Very great is Allah's wrath over such a claim. Allah rebukes the Messenger not to grieve too much if the disbelievers do not believe. Allah made worldly adornment a trial to know who believes and does righteous deeds. Allah is All-Powerful to destroy all vegetation on earth and make it withered and barren.
Verses 8-15 explain the story of the People of the Cave (Ashab al-Kahfi) which is very unique as a miracle and sign of Allah's greatness. While the Qur'an itself is far greater in its miraculous nature and magnificence than that story.
They were some young men strong in faith in Allah. They fled from the evil of a tyrannical ruler in their land. Then Allah put them to sleep in the cave. They always asked for mercy and the straight path from Allah. Allah strengthened their hearts in faith and monotheism, even though their people and ruler associated partners with Allah. The greatest wrongdoers are those who fabricate lies about Allah.
Source: Mushaf Tadabbur, Fathuddin Ja'far
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