Day 292 · Surah Al-Fath Verses 1-15

Al-Fath 1–15

The Hudaybiyyah peace treaty is called a clear victory, followed by Allah's approval of the Companions who pledged allegiance there, and exposure of the reasons of the Bedouins who refused to join out of fear of death.

The Hudaybiyyah treaty in the sixth year of the Hijrah is declared a clear victory, accompanied by the promise of forgiveness, perfection of the faith, and a straight path for the Messenger.
Tranquility was sent down to the hearts of the Companions so their faith would increase, because victory is easy for Allah who has armies of the heavens and the earth.
Obedient believers are promised Paradise with rivers flowing through it, while hypocrites and polytheists who hold evil suspicions toward Allah are threatened with Hellfire.
The Pledge of Ridwan at Hudaybiyyah is approved by Allah and is in reality a pledge to Allah; those who break it reap His anger, those who fulfill it attain great reward.
The Bedouins who did not join claimed to be busy with their wealth and families, spoke what was not in their hearts, and thought the Messenger and the believers would not return.

Verses 1-9 of Surah Al-Fath explain three things:

The Hudaybiyyah peace treaty between the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) and the disbelieving Quraysh in the sixth year of the Hijrah is a clear victory for the Messenger. Allah will forgive his past and future sins, perfect the faith, guide him to the straight path, and give him a glorious victory. This news was more dear to him than the entire world and everything in it. For the Companions, Allah sent down tranquility into their hearts so their faith would increase. Realizing this victory is very easy for Allah because Allah has armies of the heavens and the earth. Truly Allah is All-Knowing and All-Wise.
Allah will enter the believers who obey Allah and His Messenger into gardens with rivers flowing beneath them, erasing their sins, while the hypocrites and polytheists who hold evil suspicions about Allah will meet a tragic fate in this world. Allah is angry, curses them, and has prepared Hellfire for them. That is the worst of destinations. For Allah to punish them is easy because He has armies of the heavens and the earth.
Allah sent His Messenger as a witness, bringer of glad tidings and warnings so that people believe in Him, His Messenger, glorify Him, honor Him, and glorify Him morning and evening.

Verse 10 explains that Allah is pleased with the Companions of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) who pledged the Pledge of Ridwan during the Hudaybiyyah peace treaty. In reality, they pledged to Allah. Therefore Allah's hand is above their hands. Whoever breaks the pledge will incur Allah's anger, and whoever fulfills it will attain a great reward, namely Paradise.

Verses 11-15 explain the character of the Arab Bedouin hypocrites. They did not join the Messenger in the Hudaybiyyah expedition because they were preoccupied with their wealth and families. They said what was not in their hearts. Then they asked the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) to seek Allah's forgiveness for them. They did not want to fight with the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) because they feared death. Yet if Allah wills harm or benefit for them anytime and anywhere, nothing can prevent it.

They thought the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) and the believers would die and not return to their families when they went to war. That is their form of suspicion about Allah that had become their character. They are a people who are destroyed and will enter the Fire, because in reality they have not believed in Allah and His Messenger. The heavens and the earth belong to Allah. Allah forgives those who obey Him and punishes those who disobey Him. He is the Most Forgiving and Most Merciful.

Allah commands the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) not to include them in the Tabuk campaign even though they wanted to join because they were sure the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) would win and get much booty. They also accused the believers of being envious of them. Yet that was Allah's decision and they did not understand it.

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