Al-An'am 147–157
A list of main prohibitions is read one by one, starting from shirk, disobedience to parents, killing children out of fear of poverty, until cheating in measurement and weight.
Verses 147-151 are still related to Allah's command to the Messenger ﷺ to explain the errors of the polytheists' rules regarding livestock. Allah affirms that if they reject your explanation why grieve. Allah will still have mercy on you and will punish the wrongdoing people. Later after Allah's punishment descends, they will make excuses, saying if Allah had willed, we and our parents would not have associated partners with Allah and would not have forbidden anything.
Such rejection has also happened to the communities before Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. When Allah's punishment befell them, they also said the same thing. Truly they are a people without knowledge and liars. Allah also commands the Messenger ﷺ to answer their excuses and lies by saying: Allah has clear arguments and they have been explained most clearly. Allah will not give guidance to those who do not believe in Him, in the Qur'an and the Hereafter.
Allah also commands the Messenger ﷺ not to be influenced and follow the way of the polytheists in witnessing and follow the desires of those who reject Allah's system. Not believing in the Hereafter is one of the factors that makes them dare to associate partners with Allah. Allah commands His Messenger to emphasize what Allah has forbidden. Among them are shirk against Allah, disobedience to both parents, killing children out of fear of poverty, because it is Allah who provides sustenance for their parents and for them, indecent conduct whether manifest or hidden, killing another without a just cause (which is permitted by Allah). All of this is a decree of Allah so that the polytheists use their minds.
Verse 152 continues what Allah has forbidden such as consuming the property of orphans except in the manner approved by Allah, cheating in measurement and weight, speaking unjustly or giving unjust testimony and not fulfilling promises with Allah. All of this is a decree of Allah so that the polytheists receive a warning.
Verse 153 affirms that all of Allah's systems and regulations contained in the Qur'an is the path taken by the Messenger ﷺ with straightness and consistency. Therefore, the Muslim community is obligated to follow it and is prohibited from following other paths or systems, which will certainly cause division in this community. All such systems are Allah's decree for the Muslims so that they become people who are mindful of Him.
Verse 155 explains that the Qur'an is a Book which Allah has revealed with full blessing. The Muslim community is obligated to follow its contents in the form of commands, prohibitions and so on so that they receive mercy from Allah. If not, do not expect Allah's mercy to descend upon them.
Verses 156 and 157 explain again some excuses of the polytheists for their rejection of the Qur'an, such as: The Scripture was only revealed to the Jews and Christians. We cannot study it because it is not in our Arabic language. If the Scripture were revealed to us in our language, we would be more guided than them. Then Allah answers: Was not the Qur'an revealed to you in your language (Arabic) as guidance and mercy. Allah threatens those who reject the Qur'an and turn away from it with the worst punishment.
The thinking of the polytheists is inconsistent. They always give weak and changing arguments. Therefore, their various arguments are easily refuted. This is not surprising, because polytheism itself is not scientific and not logical.
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